Bibliographies
Australian materials are indexed in the Australian Family and Society Abstracts Database and are available for loan from the ACSSA collection at the Australian Institute of Family Studies library. Online publications in PDF format require Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Prevention Programs and Strategies
Australian publications
A
response to the article 'Creating meaningful
consent for young people - some thoughts on
future directions'. (PDF 543K)
NSW
Strategy to Reduce Violence Against Women.
Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse
Newsletter no.10 Mar 2002: 1-3, and Online (whole issue)
This
article is a response by staff of the NSW Strategy
to Reduce Violence Against Women to an opinion piece
by Margot Rawsthorne published in the December 2001
issue of Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse
Newsletter. One of the promotional strategies critiqued
by Rawsthorne was the Date Rape 'No Means No' rubics
cube. This article discusses the Strategy's approach
to the prevention of sexual assault in general, and
the development and use of the Date Rape Awareness
Cube in particular.
All
things being at the centre and we have
never left it. (PDF
1M)
Karanga,
Josie.
In:
From the margins to the centre: ACOSS 2004 Congress
papers. Strawberry Hills, NSW: Australian
Council of Social Service, 2005, p47-56,
figures (ACOSS paper no.139)
What is it like
to be Maori in New Zealand? This paper discusses
disparities in the areas of health, life expectancy,
socio economic conditions, overrepresentation
in prison populations, assault, sexual abuse
and domestic violence. It describes the work
of the Indigenous training and education NGO,
Te Korowai Aroha o Aotearoa, which has implemented
Project Maori Ora, a family violence prevention
program for Maori communities.
Challenging
violence against women through public
education. (PDF 2.7M)
Vlais,
Rodney; Donovan, Rob.
VicHealth Letter no.28 Spring 2006: 27-29,
and Online (whole issue)
Public
education campaigns that aimed to address violence
against women were reviewed in a recent study. This
article looks briefly at campaigns that focused on
shifting general community attitudes, social norms
marketing, women who experience violence, men who use
violence, prevention campaigns targeting youth, and
campaigns that focused on friends and family members.
It outlines what communication strategies should include,
and looks at an example of best practice.
Changing
men: best practice in sexual violence
Women Against Violence - An Australian
Feminist Journal no.18 2005 - 2006: 26-36
Men must take responsibility for
preventing violence against women. This
article discusses the participation of men in anti
violence work, and the importance for prevention
work of strategies aimed at men and masculinities.
It considers what works in violence prevention
education with men, presenting five key features
of effective prevention programs: they are comprehensive;
they are intensive; they address cognitive, affective
and behavioural domains; they are relevant to the
audience; and they offer positive messages.
Changing
Men: Best practice in violence prevention
work with men. (PDF 44K)
Flood, Michael (2004) Home
Truths Conference: Stop sexual assault
and domestic violence: A national challenge,
Melbourne, September 2004
Chill Choose Change: promoting respectful
relationships and
non-violent problem solving.
White,
Tamara; Hoskin, Stephen.
DVIRC
Quarterly no.2 Winter 2006: 19-22
Chill
Choose Change is a group program to assist young people
to move away from using violence. This article describes
the principles and strategies used in the behaviour
change groups and discusses some challenges involved
in working with young people who use violence. It includes
a case study. (Journal abstract, edited)
Differing perspectives on preventing adult sexual
assault.
Neame, Alexandra
Aware: Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault
Newsletter no.2 Nov 2003: 8-14, and Online (92K)
This article explores the challenges that sexual violence against
women poses for prevention. It raises the issue of tension between victim
advocates and traditional prevention theory, which has tended to focus on
the role of women in modifying their own behaviour to reduce the risk of
victimisation without considering the wider social and cultural context.
The author then gives a brief overview of classic prevention frameworks,
and looks at whether contemporary approaches to crime prevention might
provide scope for feminist engagement with prevention.
Education
resource pack: identifying and avoiding abusive and violent
relationships: years 11-12
Violence Against Women:
Australia Says No.
Canberra, ACT: Australian
Government, 2004, resource kit (2 booklets, 1 poster,
1 DVD, 1 CDROM)
This resource kit is designed for delivery as
part of the secondary education curriculum. It is part of the broad
community education campaign of the same name 'Violence Against Women:
Australia Says No'. The materials are intended to assist the community
and individuals in identifying, responding to and avoiding abusive and
violent relationships.
Educating for positive gender relationships.
Bradford, Michelle.
Queensland
Centre for Domestic and Family Violence Research Newsletter
v.4 no.4 Jun 2006: 6-9
The report, 'Promoting
positive gender relationships', documents the outcomes
of a study that examined the opportunity for Queensland
schools to implement programs that help students form
enhanced gender relationships. This article summarises
the report. It looks at the promotion of healthy gender
relations in Queensland schools over the last 15 years,
sexual harassment and violence prevention initiatives,
and barriers that prevent schools' ability to promote
healthy gender relations.
Ending silence: responding to young people who have disclosed
sexual abuse.
SideStreet Counselling Service,
UnitingCare Wesley Adelaide, SA.
Adelaide, SA:
UntingCare Wesley Adelaide, 2007, 22p
This booklet was
developed by the staff of SideStreet Counselling Service to assist
service providers working with young people who have disclosed sexual
abuse. SideStreet is a service of UnitingCare Wesley Adelaide for young
people aged 12-25 who are homeless and who have been subjected to sexual
abuse. The booklet outlines: definitions of sexual abuse; how young
people may disclose; creating opportunities for disclosure; myths;
tactics of abusers; effects; worries and concerns young people may have
about disclosing; ways to support a young person who has experienced
sexual abuse; mandatory notification; worker issues, and consultancy.
Engaging men:
strategies and dilemmas in violence prevention education
among men.
Flood, M
Women Against Violence - An Australian Feminist
Journal no.13 2002 - 2003: 25-32
This paper discusses the importance
of community education in the prevention
of men's physical and sexual violence against women.
The focus is on lessening the cultural constructions
of masculinity involving dominance and aggression,
and undermining the social supports among
adult men for violence against women. Community
education campaigns are outlined according to three
strategy areas: defining manhood as non-violent;
drawing on masculine culture; and men speaking
out. Key challenges in violence prevention work
with men are identified and discussed.
Engaging young people in leadership roles in the prevention of sexual
assault: the CASA House Peer Educator Project.
Imbesi,
Renee.
Aware: Australian Centre for the Study of
Sexual Assault Newsletter no.16 2008: 13-17, and Online
The Peer Educator Project is a new peer education program for sexual
assault prevention and support for secondary school students in Victoria.
The Project extends the work of the Sexual Assault Prevention Program,
and empowers young people to take up a leadership role in their school
community. This article introduces the project, and describes its
rationale and development. Young people's peer networks have a huge
influence on their sexual behaviour, values, and choices, and research
has shown they turn to each other first before contacting adults. The
Peer Educator role are not intended to be counsellors or behavioural role
models, but rather 'opinion leaders', with their public advocacy
demonstrating the significance of sexual assault. The article discusses
some of the research on peer education and the sensitive issues involved.
Training for the pilot program has now commenced.
Evaluation of the 2002 16 days of activism against
gender violence campaign (South Australia). (PDF
2.8M)
Visser, Alison;
Stojadinovic, Tanja.
South
Australia: Women's Health Statewide, Governemnt of
South Australia, 2002, 36p, Online only
This evaluation identifies the benefits of a
consciousness raising campaign focussed on the issue of adults subjected
to sexual abuse in childhood (ASCSA). Networking with other services and
organisations to share information on methods of campaigning and to
develop relationships with sexual assault services nation-wide is
recommended.
Evaluation of the Sexual Offences Awareness Program
(SOAP). (PDF 1.03M)
Fletcher, Bevan; Bruce, Fiona; O'Brien, Bev.
Adelaide, SA: Office of Crime Statistics and
Research, 2006, 17p, tables, (Evaluation report)
The
Sexual Offences Awareness Program (SOAP) was a school-based
pilot initiative, developed between police, community
services and local schools. It involved two lesson
plans that could be presented by police with teacher
support within secondary schools. It aimed to raise
young people's awareness of sexual assault and dangerous
situations, promote behaviours which would reduce their
exposure to potential assaults, and advise them of
the rights of and support services for victims of sexual
assault. The evaluation was based primarily on pre
and post surveys administered to students which measured
changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, particularly
in relation to parties and events involving alcohol
and drug use.
Family violence is a workplace
issue: models of family violence prevention through
the workplace.
Victorian Community Council Against Violence.
Melbourne, Vic: Victorian community council
against violence, 2004, 13p
Models of
family violence prevention through the workplace
are examined. Through case studies what workplaces
can do to prevent family violence are described with
practical examples and procedures. The important
role of the workplace in preventing and recognising
family violence is emphasised.
Feminist thinking in male sexual assault
programs.
Sainz, Robert
Psychotherapy in Australia v.11 no.2 Feb 2005:
49
This article reports on a men's group which focused
on the shared experience of being 'survivors' of sexual
assault. In what the author describes as a 'feminist
inspired project, a hybrid of narrative therapy, psychology
of the self and Jungian archetypes, men discussed openly
the most vexed, perennial and marginalised issue of
masculinity.'
For the first time in Australia, we have a national
framework for sexual assault prevention!
Grealy,
Clare.
Aware: Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual
Assault Newsletter no.8 Jun 2005: 10-13, and Online
The
aims, approach taken, and outcomes in the development
of the National Framework for Sexual Assault Prevention
are discussed in this article. Separate formats were
used for Indigenous and non Indigenous consultations.
The article reflects on some of the issues and complexities
that arose during the project and outlines proposed
areas for future action.
Good
practice around Australia.
Australian
Centre for the for the Study of Sexual
Assault Newsletter no.7 Jun 2005: 3-16,
and Online
This
edition highlights examples of good practice
in service provision from each state and
territory in the spirit of sharing information
and experiences across the sector. Profiles
include The Forensic and Medical Sexual
Assault Care (FAMSAC) service co-located within
Canberra Sexual Health Centre at the Canberra
Hospital; Rape Crisis Online run the New South
Wales Rape Crisis Centre; 'Respect Relate Stop
Rape' community awareness/education program in
the Casuarina local community in the Northern
Territory; Zig Zag Young Women's Resource Centre
book, entitled 'Working with Young Women who
Self Harm'; Women's Health Statewide and Yarrow
Place Rape and Sexual Assault Service - Sharing
community education campaigns: postcard and bus
advertisements; The Tasmanian Sexual Assault
Support Service (SASS) 'Kids Quest' community
awareness/ education program; The Victorian CASA
Forum Inc; and the Perth Sexual Assault Resource
Centre (SARC) full-day workshop, entitled 'Another
Layer of Trauma'.
Good
practice in Indigenous family violence
prevention: designing and evaluating
successful programs. (PDF 5M)
Memmott,
Paul; Chambers, Catherine; Go-Sam, Carroll; Thomson,
Linda.
Sydney, NSW: Australian Domestic and Family
Violence Clearinghouse, University of New
South Wales, 2006, 36p (Issues paper no.11)
Examples of good practice
in Indigenous projects and programs that
aimed to address family violence in Australia,
the United States, Canada and New Zealand
are examined. The paper identifies elements contributing
to the success of Indigenous violence projects,
including: cultural grounding of projects,
development of culturally adapted good
practice methods, community grounding of projects,
ensuring the involvement of elders, the engagement
of men into programs, self empowerment and self
esteem as capacity building by products,
examining intergenerational family history and
colonial experience as a healing method, cultural
preference for group approaches in addition to
individual counselling, capacity building through
networking and partnerships, information collection
and dissemination on Indigenous family violence,
training and skills acquisition within
projects, and flexibility and adaptability of
projects in different community settings. Project weaknesses and deficiencies
are also explored. The paper summarises
models and strategies for sustainable family
violence prevention programs.
Health
promotion and preventing violence against women:
what does it really mean? Conference
report. (PDF 404K)
Women's
Health West.
Footscray,
Vic: Women's Health West, 2006, 54p
The Health promotion and
prevention of violence against women:
what does it really mean? conference, held
in June 2006, aimed to help agencies plan
and implement health promotion actions that
work towards the prevention of violence against
women, and to consult with agencies in Melbourne's
west about the actions they would like to
see included in health promotion plans. This
report discusses the impact of violence on
women, and summarises health promotion responses
to violence against women, including responses
from Melbourne's
west. It presents the information and ideas that arose
at the conference consultations. The
appendices include: VicHealth Mental Health
Promotion Framework; a public health model
for the prevention of violence against women;
initiatives by WHS to prevent violence against
women; summary of workshops; Western Metropolitan
Area Primary Care Partnerships; and recommendations
for direct service agencies.
High-risk
offenders: post sentence supervision and
detention: discussion and options paper.
Victoria. Sentencing Advisory
Council.
Melbourne, Vic: Sentencing
Advisory Council, 2007, 222p, tables, and Online
This
discussion paper considers whether a continuing detention scheme for
high-risk offenders should be introduced in Victoria. It is intended for
use with offenders who have reached the end of their sentence but are
still considered dangerous, such as sex offenders and violent offenders.
The paper discusses the legal and moral bases of these schemes, how such
a scheme might operate, and examines examples of similar schemes in other
Australian states, New Zealand, Canada and the United Kingdom.
Invitations to collusion: a case
for greater scrutiny of men's behaviour
change programs.
Costello,
Susie.
Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Family Therapy v.27 no.1 Mar 2006: 38-47
Men's
behaviour change groups have been operating in Victoria
since the early 1980s. Unlike their criminal justice-based
counterparts in the USA, Canada and the UK, groups
in Victoria arose as stand alone voluntary programs
within the community health and family support sectors.
Their focus on therapeutic engagement, education and
invitations to responsibility has at times failed to
include consequences for men who continue to use violence
and abuse while attending the group. This article argues
that unless facilitators build in consequences for
men whose violence continues, they can inadvertently
collude with the violent behaviour. Including women
partners in ongoing evaluation is one means of reducing
this collusion. This view is drawn from research into
behaviour change groups in Melbourne over the last
decade. (Journal abstract)
Men's
role in building gender equality. (PDF
360K)
Flood,
Michael.
Australian Domestic
and Family Violence Clearinghouse Newsletter no.17
Jan 2004: 3-4, and Online ( whole issue)
Men have a vital role to play in ending violence
against women, and there is growing international
interest in how best to encourage this. The author
reports on his attendance at the UN Expert Group
Meeting in Brazil, which focused on the role of men
and boys in building gender equality. The author
briefly discusses three key themes: that men are
both resistant to and supportive of gender equality;
the need to address men as bystanders, perpetrators
and survivors of violence; and the necessity of men's
partnership with women in achieving non-violence
and gender equality. (Journal abstract, edited)
New approaches to sexual assault prevention:
(Keynote address)
Carmody, M.
In: Practice and prevention:
contemporary issues in adult sexual assault conference. Sydney, NSW: NSW
Attorney-General's Department, Crime Prevention Division, 2003, Online
only
The author considers past methods of prevnting
sexual assault through community and public education.
She reviews a series of community education posters
in order to reflect on how community education about
rape prevention has been characterised since the
radical feminism of the 1970s, through ideas of treating
the harm in the 1980s to promoting diversity and
difference in the 1990s. She then presents an alternative
model of prevention, which focuses on the development
of ethical sexual behaviour in women and men.
Pedagogy, praxis, paradigms and paradox. (PDF
156K)
Willis, M;
Whittle, S.
In: Practice and prevention:
contemporary issues in adult sexual assault conference. Sydney, NSW: NSW
Attorney-General's Department, Crime Prevention Division, 2003, Online
only
The authors discuss the Kids Relate project, a
violence prevention pilot program for the Clarence Valley, New South
Wales. The aims of the project were to increase the unacceptability of
violence and to teach young people to relate in non violent and non
aggressive ways. The program was directed at students first entering high school, in the hope that the adolescents could be reached before the
patterns in intimate relationships are well established. The authors
provide a history of the project, the challenges faced, evaluation and
future directions.
Playing by the rules - off the field.
Lumby, Catharine.
University
of New South Wales Law Journal Forum v.11 no.1 Aug
2005: 41-42
This
article looks at Rugby League football and attitudes,
media perceptions and images of rape and sexual assault
in the sport. Masculine cultural beliefs about the
inevitability of some men offending are discussed,
along side a refusal by some sectors in the sport to
have faith in education and mentoring as a preventative
measure.
Practice
and Prevention: Contemporary Issues in Adult Sexual
Assault in NSW Conference.
12-14 February 2003 - selected
papers
Predictors of violence, antisocial behaviour and relational aggression in
Australian adolescents: A longitudinal study.
Hemphill,
Sheryl A.(1); Toumbourou, John W.(1); Catalano, Richard
F.(2).
Canberra, ACT: Criminology
Research Council, 2005, 31p, Online
This study contrast
predictors of antisocial behaviour in an Australian sample with those
from a sample in Washington State, USA in order to understand further the
relevance of US crime prevention science for Australia. The project also
examines societal responses to antisocial behaviour, such as arrests and school suspensions. Findings have been reported in two papers. The first
found that although levels of antisocial behaviour are similar in the two
states, Washington State adopts more punitive measures such as school
suspensions and arrests. The second found that the experience of school
suspension increased the risk of antisocial behaviour one year later,
after controlling for other known risk factors, while a similar effect
was noted for arrests. Individual and family characteristics were found
to be important in the development of antisocial behaviour. The report
draws out the implications future research and for policy development.
Punitive approaches to antisocial behaviour with youth may be counter
productive, and that it is important to keep students connected to school
and to minimise early contact with law enforcement authorities.
Preventing repeat victimisation.
Australian Institute
of Criminology.
Canberra, ACT: Australian
Institute of Criminology, 2003, 1p (AICrime reduction matters no.12)
Online only
This paper briefly outlines the benefits of
using prior victimisation knowledge to prioritise crime prevention
action, and describes the factors determining what type of action to
take.
Preventing violence: the public health approach.
Australian Institute of Criminology
Canberra, ACT: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2003, 1p
(AICrime reduction matters no.8), Online only
This paper briefly
describes specific violence prevention interventions that target violence
at different levels. Examples described are individual approaches,
relationship approaches, community-based efforts and societal
approaches.
Prevention
of sexual assault: working with adolescents
within the education system.
Keel, Monique.
Aware: Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual
Assault Newsletter no.8 Jun 2005: 16-25, and Online
Australia's high rates of sexual assault suggest there
is a need for the development of prevention initiatives
targeted at adolescents. This article reviews past
sexual assault prevention initiatives with young people
and considers what changes might be made to prevention
initiatives given the changes to sexual behaviour among
adolescents. The article describes a program currently
run by the Centre Against Sexual Assault in Melbourne
and the SHARE (sexual health and relationships education)
program currently run by SHine SA. These programs contain
a number of features that serve as examples of best
practice prevention within schools.
Primary preventative intervention in a modern and diverse society.
Mesuraco, B
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy v.23 no.1 Mar 2002:
33-37
The realisation that cultural contexts
were impeding access to services for many disadvantaged families and
hindering the disclosure of child sexual abuse prompted two agencies to
organise collaborative primary prevention strategies. Family groups were
convened from the local Cambodian, Vietnamese, Latin American and
Arabic-speaking communities. Focus groups were attended by one or more
members of each family. Participants contributed to the formation of a
collective understanding that could then be adapted and passed on to
other families in their communities. It was observed that once individual
families entered this process, isolation diminished and steps towards
exploration of the issues could be taken. This paper outlines a process
through which family therapists can use primary prevention strategies to
reach NESB groups. (Journal abstract)
Primary Protective Behaviours.
Protective Behaviours Consultancy Group of NSW.
Waterloo, NSW: Protective Behaviours Consultancy Group of NSW,
revised edition 2004, 141p, figures
This is a resource for
teachers and trainers in primary schools. It contains teaching and
learning activities that are designed to meet the outcomes of the
National and relevant state curriculums. Student worksheets are prepared
in six languages. This is an important resource in the preparation of
programs to help children and young people live safely.
Ready willing and able: a young person's
guide: consent and sexual activity.
Sexual Assault Resource Centre.
Education and Training Unit.
Subiaco, WA: Sexual
Assault Resource Centre, 2006, 1 DVD (10 min.) + notes
This DVD for young people contains information about, and dramatic
illustrations of, consent to sexual activity. It gives definitions of
consent, sexual assault and sexual abuse, and discusses drink spiking,
internet safety, alcohol and other drugs, date rape and the effects of
sexual assault. The accompanying training notes include suggestions for
group discussion.
Recidivism
of sex offenders research paper. (PDF
705K)
Gelb,
Karen.
Melbourne, Vic: Sentencing
Advisory Council, 2007, 52p, tables, figures, and Online
The research paper focuses on recidivism
of sex offenders and is designed to provide
background information to a further discussion
paper examining current legal responses in
Victoria and other jurisdictions to high-risk
offenders. The research paper examines the
most recent evidence about whether sex offenders
do indeed pose the danger to the community
that they are often perceived as posing,
discussing the tension between community
protection and legal principles. Although
they are the least common form of sexual
assault, sexual offences committed by strangers
have been the priority for policy-makers
over the years, despite the fact that most
sexual offences are committed by ordinary
men in the context of everyday relationships.
Statistics are provided on the incidence
and prevalence of sexual offences in Victoria,
and on the nature and costs of sexual offending.
The literature is reviewed to determine what
is known about sex offenders and their crimes
and to clarify the evidence on levels of
recidivism among sex offenders. A brief overview
of treatment programs and their efficacy
is provided, with a final discussion of the
implications of the research evidence for
current policy and prevention programs.
Resiliency in the victim-offender
cycle in male sexual abuse.
Lambie,
I; Seymour, F; Lee, A; Adams, P
Sexual
Abuse v.14 no.1 Jan 2002: 31-48
The victim-offender cycle has been accepted
as an explanation for sexual offending. This
article describes a study which examined the factors
that may prevent a male sexual abuse victim from
entering the victim-offender cycle. The 'resilient'
(non-offending) group in the study were less likely
to report pleasure from the abuse than those in
the victim-offender cycle. They were also more
likely to have had close social contact with adolescent
peers and to have had more family and non-family
support during childhood. The authors conclude
with recommendations for prevention of the victim-offender
cycle.
Responding to sexual violence: responding to sexual assault
and abuse.
Sexual Assault Resource Centre (Perth,
WA).
Perth, WA: Sexual Assault Resource Centre,
2005, 37 minute DVD, 4p training notes
This DVD depicts
three counselling sessions, which involve an adolescent girl who has been
sexually assaulted, a woman who was sexually abused as a child, and a
women who has been sexually assaulted and is preparing for a medical and
forensic examination. The video demonstrates general counselling skills,
responding to disclosures of sexual assault and child sexual abuse,
raising and assessing links between sexual abuse, assault, mental health
and alcohol and drug problems, and strategies to manage dissociation and
self harming behaviour. Training notes with key questions and issues for
discussion accompany the video.
Review: Developing ethical sexual lives: young people, sex and sexual assault
prevention.
Quadara, Antonia.
Aware: Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault
Newsletter no.15 Sept 2007: 5-8, and Online
A three year
project exploring sexual assault prevention education to promote ethical,
non violent relationships among young women and men is being undertaken
by researchers at the University of Western Sydney and the NSW Rape
Crisis Centre. ' Developing ethical sexual lives' reports on Stage 1 of
the project. This article reviews the report and summarises the Stage 1
findings. It discusses the mismatch between experience and education,
formal and informal sex education, and ideas about violence and sexuality
education. Conclusions from this first stage of the project are that:
gender continues to be a major influence on how young men and young women
think about and experience sexual intimacy; consent, gender and
communication overlap; awareness about sexual assault and information
about support services for victims and survivors needs to be increased;
more needs to be done to address the diversity and complexity of
relationships within school curricula and to support suitably qualified
educators in implementing the curriculum.
Safer times: making licensed premises safer for women.
(PDF 432K)
New South Wales. Attorney General's Department. Violence Against
Women Specialist Unit.
Sydney, NSW: Crime
Prevention Division, NSW Attorney General's Department, 2002, 63p, and
Online
The Safer Times project is a strategy for reducing
violence against women, specifically in and around licensed premises, and
involves the whole community in the issues of public safety for women.
This information kit is for people wanting to follow the Safer Times
strategy to make licensed premises and other public places safer for
women. The kit was developed from the Safer Times 'Round Albury Wodonga -
for women (STRAWs) project which involves running an awards program for
safe licensed premises in the local community. The kit provides
background information on the STRAWs program, and guidelines for all
steps involved in implementing a Safer Times project. Sample promotional
material, letters and forms are also included.
School talk.
Mogensen,
Krista.
VicHealth Letter no.28
Spring 2006: 20-21, and Online (PDF 2.7MB whole issue)
The
risk of violence, including sexual assault, is highest
for young people. This article looks at two examples
of healthy relationships and sexual health prevention
and early intervention programs for secondary schools,
discussing key issues in the sexual health and relationships
education of young people.
Sexual
violence offenders: prevention and intervention approaches.
Chung, Donna; O'Leary, Patrick J; Hand, Tammy.
Issues: Australian Centre for the Study of
Sexual Assault no.5 Jun 2006: 1-54, tables, and Online
Male
sexual violence against women and children continues
to be a significant social problem in Australia, with
increasing attention being given to prevention and
treatment of sexual offending. This paper on sex offender
treatment programs critically examines how theoretical
explanations of sexual violence have shaped intervention
and community responses, by examining the influence
of the predominant perspectives that focus on the psychopathology
of sex offenders. Prevalence and definitions of sexual
violence are examined critically to show that sexual
violence is a relatively common experience for many
Australian women. The paper also provides a critical
analysis of the different treatment paradigms used
in Australia. The authors assert that, in general,
the responses to sexual violence are not comprehensive
and intersectoral, nor do they prioritise accountability
to victims. This can be attributed to the distinct
theoretical influences in treating sexual offenders,
sexual violence prevention and support for victims.
The authors conclude by examining the ways in which
both treatment and prevention strategies can better
address the widespread occurrence of sexual violence
in Australia.
Submission of the New South Wales Council
for Civil Liberties to the NSW Sentencing Council's Review of Penalties
for Sexual Offences. (PDF 215K)
Burgess, Liam; Beaupert,
Fleur.
Glebe, NSW: New South Wales Council for
Civil Liberties, 2007, 8p, Online
In regard to
penalties for sexual offences, this paper recommends that: statutory
maximum and standard minimum penalties should be abolished; control
orders should only be used for rehabilitation and treatment, not
punishment; good character should be considered as a mitigating factor;
and protective custody should still be regarded as a special circumstance
in sentencing sexual offenders.
Surrendering the night! The seduction of victim blaming in drug and
alcohol facilitated sexual assault prevention strategies.
Lawson, S; Crookes, S.
In: Practice and
prevention: contemporary issues in adult sexual assault conference.
Sydney, NSW: NSW Attorney-General's Department, Crime Prevention
Division, 2003, Online only
The authors consider the
background of the phenomenon of drink spiking in Australia. They examine
the systemic responses to the crime of drug and alcohol facilitated
sexual assault, with particular reference to a number of community
education poster and information campaigns designed to highlight the
crime of drink spiking or drug and alcohol facilitated sexual assault.
They analyse the messages these campaigns send to various parties and
conclude that they include a fair amount of victim blaming. They consider
the possible effects these campaigns can have on survivors of drug and
alcohol facilitated sexual assault, and consider implications for the
state of women's social action, and for sexual assault services in
relation to drink spiking prevention strategies.
Surrendering the night! The seduction of victim blaming in
drug and alcohol facilitated sexual assault prevention
strategies.
Lawson, S
Women
Against Violence - An Australian Feminist Journal no.13 2002 - 2003:
33-38
This article explores drug and alcohol facilitated
sexual assault in Australia. The background of sexual assault involving
drink spiking in Australia is discussed. Responses to drug and alcohol
facilitated sexual assault are examined with a focus on community
education and information campaigns, as well as the implications of these
campaigns on victim/survivors of drug and alcohol facilitated sexual
assault. Implications for the state of women's social action and sexual
assault services are also discussed.
Take away her freedom, and you could lose yours: the Western
Australian Police Service Drink Spiking Education Project.
Fyfe, Michelle; Newell, Barry
In: Third
Australasian women and policing conference: women and policing globally,
Canberra, October 2002 - papers. Canberra, ACT: Australian Institute of
Criminology, 2002, 6p, Online only (28K)
The problem of stupefying women and associated crime (sexual assault, robbery) provides
new challenges for law enforcement officers. A range of prevention
programs have been initiated, which begs the question - what is best
practice in the prevention and enforcement of this crime? Earliest
programs targeted women and promoted protective behaviours, while
subsequent programs formed partnerships with licensed premises to improve
the environment in which the crime occurs. Research suggests that men
must assume their share of responsibility for prevention of the crime and
perpetrators (and potential perpetrators) must be targeted, and that
collection of evidence must be improved. This paper describes the WAPS
Drink Spiking Education Project, which incorporates these measures in a
program that includes: convenience advertising aimed at women;
convenience advertising aimed at men; partnerships with the liquor
industry; updating police on evidence gathering; and peer education. The
project was launched in December 2001 and the paper discusses outcomes so
far, which have included a 75% increase in drink spiking reports to the
police. (Author abstract, edited).
Tell
us what you know: surveying university students' attitudes about sexual
assault.
Boursnell, Melanie; Lee, Tamara; Chung,
Donna.
Aware: Australian Centre for the Study of
Sexual Assault Newsletter no.16 2008: 4-12, and Online
There is a significant body of knowledge pertaining to US college
students' experiences and attitudes towards sexual assault, however there
is relatively little documented data regarding peoples' attitudes and
opinions across a broader age spectrum in Australia. This paper presents
data gathered during a 2006 university orientation week on the Central
Coast of New South Wales, Australia. The data provide a unique insight
into the attitudes and opinions about the sexual assault of a wide age
spectrum of women and men. The data are part of a survey undertaken as a
needs assessment for the local area (Central Coast, NSW) health service's
Sexual Assault Prevention Strategy. (Journal abstract, edited)
The
factors influencing community attitudes
in relation to violence against women:
a critical review of the literature.
(PDF
446K)
Flood, Michael; Pease, Bob.
Carlton South, Vic: Victorian Health Promotion
Foundation, 2006, 76p (Violence Against Women Community
Attitudes Project paper no.3), Online
The 2006 Violence Against Women
Community Attitudes Project aims to better understand
community attitudes as a factor contributing to violence
against women. This report looks at definitions, understandings
and boundaries of violence against women; the relationship
between attitudes and violence against women; the formation
of attitudes in relation to violence against women;
gender attitudes, roles and relations; cultural factors;
socioeconomic factors; race and ethnicity; individual
factors; organisational factors; men's behaviour change
programs; peer groups, contexts, and social relations;
religion, spirituality and churches; pornography, television
and other popular media; advertising; community education
and social marketing campaigns; criminal justice policies
and law reform; medical and health responses; women's
movements and campaigns; men's rights and fathers'
rights campaigns; pro feminist men's groups; the significance
of attitudes in relation to other factors shaping men's
violence against women; an explanatory model of the
factors that influence community attitudes; and a framework
for
intervention in community attitudes.
The
public health approach to crime prevention.
Australian Institute of Criminology (2003),
AICrime Reduction Matters No. 7
Two
steps forward, one step back. Community
attitudes to violence against women:
progress and challenges in creating safe
and healthy environments for Victorian
women: a summary of findings. (PDF
875K)
Victorian Health Promotion Foundation
(VicHealth).
Carlton South,
Vic: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, 2006, 76p,
figures, tables, Online
The key findings of the 2006 Violence Against Women
Community Attitudes Project are summarised. The project aimed to improve
understanding of how community attitudes contribute to violence against
women. The report gives an overview of the project and its
recommendations, and discusses violence against women as a public health
issue, why community attitudes on violence against women need to be
addressed, findings about community attitudes and beliefs and changes
since 1995, the formation and change of community attitudes, learning
from past campaigns to change attitudes, an analysis of the project
findings, and VicHealth's contribution to the primary prevention of
violence against women.
Violence
Against Women; Australia says no: Education
rescource pack.
Australian Government.
Canberra, ACT:
Australian Government, 2004, resoource kit (2 booklets, 1 poster, 1 DVD,
1 CDROM) and online
This resource kit is designed for
delievery as part of the secondary education curriculum. It is part of
the broad community education campaign of the same name "Violence Against
Women b Australia Says No". The materials are intended to assist the
community and individuals in identifying, responding to and avoiding
abusive and violent relationships.
Women's safety strategy: a policy framework.
Victoria. Office of Women's Policy
Melbourne, Vic: Office of Women's Policy,
2002, 76p
One in three Victorian women experiences some
form of violence in adulthood. This book outlines
the Bracks Government policy on women's safety, designed
to reduce the level of violence against women and
women's fear of violence. The single policy
framework operates across many portfolios; the key
areas are crime prevention, community care, disability
services, regional health and aged care. The document
considers - What is violence against women?;
addresses the following forms of violence against
women including definitions - family violence, sexual
assault, violence in public places, stalking, workplace
violence and bullying, sexual harassment, racial
and religious violence against women, trafficking
in women and girls, female genital mutilation; and
asks why does violence against women occur
and how does it impact on Victorians?
Working
with adolescents in the education system to prevent
sexual assault.
Keel,
Monique.
Family Matters no.71 Winter 2005: 36-39
The
high rates of sexual assault experienced by young
people suggest a need forprevention initiatives
to be developed and focused on adolescents.
This focus on schools based programs.
The author reflects on past sexual assault
prevention initiatives with young women and men,
and considers what direction future initiatives
might take, including proposed policy
changes. As well as a review of what
is considered best practice sexual assault
prevention in schools, an outline of two programs
is provided: one run by the Centre Against
Sexual Assault (CASA) in Victoria and
one run by SHine in South Australia.
Young
people and sexual assault.
Bobic, N; Boyd, A; Jackson, L
In:
Practice and prevention: contemporary issues in adult
sexual assault conference. Sydney, NSW: NSW Attorney-General's
Department, Crime Prevention Division, 2003, Online
only
The Eastern and Central Sexual Assault Service
and Rosemount Youth and Family Services run the Young
people and sexual assault prevention and education
program in Sydney schools. Workshops are run with
Years 9, 10 and 11 students on the issues of sexual
assault and self protection and to inform them of
the services available. During 2001 and 2002
over 700 young people took part in the program. The
authors discuss the outcomes of the program from
evidence gathered during evaluation.
You don't know what you've got 'til it's
gone: a tribute to Victoria's Family Violence
Networkers.
Geddes,
Virginia.
DVIRC Quarterly no.2 Winter 2006:
23-26
The Family Violence Community Networkers aimed to
work at a grass roots level to improve communication between agencies and
help identify service gaps and implement government policies. Funding
for the Networkers finished at the end of June 2006. This article pays
tribute to the Networkers' dedication and creativity in working towards
the prevention of violence. It also discusses the Victorian Government's
new integrated response and questions whether the reformed system will
build on the lessons learned. (Journal abstract, edited)
International publications
An Evidence-Based Review of Sexual Assault Preventive Intervention Programs (PDF 2.5M)
Morrison, Shannon; Hardison, Jennifer; Mathew, Anita and O'Neil, Joyce, 2006.
RTI International performed a comprehensive literature review of existing Sexual Assault Preventive Programs (SAPIs). This document provides an evidence-based review of their findings and includes extensive evaluations of existing SAPIs, identifies areas where there appear to be significant gaps, as well as provides recommendations for the change of current/future SAPIs.
Behavior
Differences Seven Months Later: Effects of
a Rape Prevention Program.(PDF 144K)
Foubert, John D.; Newberry,
Johnathan T.; Tatum, Jerry L.
National Association of Student Personnel Administrators
Journal, 2007
First-year men at a midsized public
university either saw a rape prevention
program or were in a control group and were asked
to complete attitude and
behavior surveys at the beginning and end of
an academic year. Participants were
also asked whether they joined fraternities during
that year. With 90% of firstyear
men participating throughout the duration of
the study, results showed that
men who joined fraternities during the year and
had seen a rape prevention
program at the beginning of the academic year
were significantly less likely to
commit a sexually coercive act during the year
than control group men who
joined fraternities. Long-term attitude change
was also associated with program
participation. Results are discussed regarding
effective program strategies for
educating fraternity men about rape on college
campuses.
Integrating
community building and violence prevention:
final report.
Family Violence Prevention Fund in collaboration
with the Institute for Community Peace (2003)
This report lays out a rationale
for why it is important to simultaneously engage
the
two fields of violence prevention and community
building, outlines to what extent the fields
currently build from similar principles or philosophies
and/or share practices, and explores how
perceptions about each field create impediments
to integration.
Managing men who sexually abuse.
Briggs, David and Kennington,
Roger
London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers,
2006, 240p
This book is a practical manual for therapists
and social workers for the assessment, treatment,
and management of adult male sex offenders. Based
on practice-based research and clinical experience,
the authors discuss cognitive-behavioural interventions,
staff issues, different population groups and
treatment settings, and the context of laws and
treatment strategies in Great Britain.
Managing sex offender risk.
Kemshall,
Hazel; McIvor, Gill
London, England: Jessica
Kingsley Publishers, 1st ed, 2004, 256p
The authors draw
on research into assessment, treatment and recidivism of sex offenders
and give practical guidence on improving intervention techniques with sex
offenders. An overview of the typologies and characterisitcs of offenders
is provided and suggestions for strategies for managing different kinds
of offender including children and young people who are sexually
aggressive. The authors also show how police, prisons and social work
departments can share information and collaborate effectively.
Mentors
in violence prevention (MVP): gender violence
prevention education and training.
Jackson Katz (founder and director of MVP Strategies)
The Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) Model is a
gender violence, bullying, and school violence prevention
approach that encourages young men and women from all
socioeconomic, racial and ethnic backgrounds to take
on leadership roles in their schools and communities.
Murder
and serious sexual assault: What criminal
histories can reveal about future serious
offending. (PDF
212K)
Keith Soothill, Brian Francis, Elizabeth Ackerley and
Rachel Fligelstone (2002), Home Office, Police Research Series Paper 144
Murder and serious sexual assault are
rare crimes, but their impact and
consequences are severe. There has been an increasing
emphasis on shifting policy
towards exploring what can be achieved in the prevention
of serious offences. This
study of the criminal careers of those convicted
of murder and serious sexual assault
is a helpful contribution to our understanding
of this area. It informs our
understanding of the earlier criminal careers of
serious offenders. Within an overall
pattern of diversity, there is convincing evidence
that convictions for particular rare
offences – manslaughter, blackmail and kidnapping
for murder, minor indecent
assault, kidnapping and a range of other sex offences
for serious sexual assault – are
linked to an increased risk of future serious offending.
An increased relative risk of
future offending does not presently on its own
offer a mechanism for identifying
precisely potential serious offenders. The findings
will, however, be helpful in
guiding responses to groups of offenders who exhibit
an overall increased risk of
future serious offending.
Prevention
of domestic violence and sexual assault.
David A Wolfe and Peter Jaffe (2003), VAWnet Applied
Research Forum, National Electronic Network on Violence
Against Women
As public recognition of domestic violence
(DV) and sexual assault (SA) has reached increasing
heights, there has been an outcry for more effective
prevention programs. This outcry is based on an
understanding of the widespread nature of this
problem and the incredible costs to victims and
society as a whole. This document summarizes the
development of prevention initiatives in these two
related areas.
Researching
violence against women (PDF
5M) -
A practical guide for researchers and activists.
World Health Organization and Program
for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)
2005
This manual has been developed in
response to the growing need to improve
the quality, quantity, and comparability
of
international data on physical and sexual
abuse. It outlines some of the methodological
and ethical challenges of conducting
research on violence against women
and describes a range of innovative techniques
that have been used to address
these challenges. The manual
will be useful for those interested in
pursuing research on violence, especially
in developing countries and other
resource-poor settings.
Sexual
Violence and the Spectrum of Prevention:
Towards a Community Solution. (PDF
924K)
Davis, Rachel; Fujie Parks,
Lisa; Cohen, Larry
National
Sexual Violence Resource Center USA 2006
This article
describes a primary prevention approach to addressing
sexual violence. Grounded in the belief that a single
individual or sector cannot address the problem alone,
it explores the conditions that create environments
in which sexual violence occurs, and provides a tool,
the Spectrum of
Prevention, for effectively developing a comprehensive
prevention strategy. It is designed for advocates,
practitioners, and educators who are interested
in advancing a community solution to preventing
sexual violence.
The Men's Program : a peer education
guide to rape prevention
Foubert, John D.
New York : Routledge, 3rd
ed, 2005, 177p
"This manual is the centerpiece of
an all-male peer education program designed
to challenge misogynistic and masculine stereotypes
about sexual assault that can indirectly
contribute to abuse, violence, and rape. The Men's
Program focuses on empowering young men with the
knowledge, skills, and support systems needed to
become active participants in the prevention of
rape, and trustworthy and receptive friends for
victims of rape. The text contains a detailed script
which outlines how to set up and implement a program,
and provides instructions on running a training
course and recruiting new peer educators. Handouts
and worksheets for both facilitators and participants
are included, to promote further discussion and
extend learning beyond the structured group setting.
Originally conceived for use in colleges and universities,
the program has since been proven effective
in a range of settings including high schools,
the military, community organizations, and correctional
facilities."--Book jacket
The
police perspective on sex offender
orders: A preliminary review of policy
and practice. (PDF
200K)
Katy Knock (2002), Home Office, Police Research
Series Paper 155
Understanding sexual violence [videorecording]
: the judge's role in stranger and nonstranger
rape and sexual assault cases : a self directed
DVD curriculum
National Judicial Education Program to Promote Equality
for Women and Men in the Courts, 2002
Violence
against women: a review of impact and practices.
Christine Edmunds, Dan Petersen, and Thomas Underood
(2002), Joint Center on Violence and Victim Studies
This report addresses violence against women with
the focus on three types of victimization: domestic
violence, stalking, and rape. This is not to suggest
that men are not victims. Rather, it is generally
recognized that women are the predominant victims
of these offenses.